Land use change analysis in lagos state, nigeria, from 1984 to 2005 fig working week 2011 bridging the gap between cultures marrakech, morocco, 1822 may 2011 311 lagos is undoubtedly the most notorious example of urban growth in nigeria. The study has a spatial focus on the rainforest zone of nigeria. Nigeria is a vast country with a total of 356, 667 sq miles 923,768 sq km, of which 351,649 sq miles 910,771 sq km or 98. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. The environments of nigerias four major highlands are described. Recent coastal deposits occur widely in lagos state. It is comprised of 36 states with the capital in abuja. On november 7, 1994, a contract was signed by the forestry management, evaluation and coordinating unit formecu with the consortium of geomatics international inc. Akwa ibom is one of nigerias 36 states, with a population of over five million people. Acceptability of selected common shrubstree leaves in nigeria by west african.
I recommend mediterranean scrub, desert steppe, savanna, woodl. Department of forestry and environment,rivers state university of science and technology, port harcourt,nigeria. There are over 4,600 plant species identified in nigeria, ranking it eleventh in africa for diversity. At the northern part of this region is fresh water swamp. For instance, the jos plateau, which is one of the highest points in nigeria, is in a grassland zone, but its vegetation depicts grassland at the top and base of the plateau, while the slopes, favoured by moistureladen wind, are covered by forests. A contribution to the holocene vegetation history of nigeria. Nigeria shares borders with cameroon 1,690 kilometers in the east, niger 1,497 kilometers in the north, benin 773 kilometers in. The environments of nigeria s four major highlands are described. In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north. Furthermore, a number of compound vegetation types are mapped, which include vegetation mosaics, catenas and transitional zones.
The tropical evergreen forests are home to a great number of tree species. You can see the niger traveling starting at the mouth of the niger north and then northwest through a tropical rainforest, b light tropical forest, c wooded savanna, d grass and shrub savanna, e short grass steppe, and then it turns southwest and goes back through the same zones. Comprising 97 percent of nigeria s total exports, the oilrich niger delta produces up to two million barrels of crude oil a day, which has placed nigeria as the 9th oil producing country in the world. Offshelf global data of nigerialowcost, rapid delivery. Vegetation zones of nigeria drawn from vegetation of africa by white 1983 3.
Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features sudan savanna north of the zone of the guinea savanna the amount of precipitation decreases to 500 mm and the dry period lasts more than sixseven months, and a zone of sudanese savanna with a dense but low grass cover is located. Zones subdivided into 36 states and the federal capital territory fct. The plateau is located between longitude 110 001 and 110 301 east and latitude 6 0 301 and 7 151 north. Here is a great map that shows the various vegetation zones and the niger r.
Pdf is nigeria losing its natural vegetation and landscape. Oil extraction is the largest threat to nigerias mangrove forests. In practice, modern or mechanical clearing is profoundly classified as total, selective and wind rowing fao, 20a and b. He and his wife, chris woolwinemoen, produced thousands of awardwinning maps that are used all over the world and content that aids students, teachers, travelers and parents with their geography and map. The state was created in 1987 by ibrahim babangida from the former cross river state and is currently the highest oil and gasproducing state in the country. Tree species richness, diversity, and vegetation index for. Remote sensing and vegetation mapping different methods are used for collecting land use and land cover information which can be used for vegetation mapping depending on the degree of detail required for the specific project leak and venugopal, 1990. Forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and there is hardly. Although nigeria is wholly within the tropics, its climate varies from the tropical at the coast to subtropical further inland. John moen is a cartographer who along with his wife are the orignal founders of. Socio economic importance of mangrove forests in akassa island of niger delta, nigeria 1eleanya,k.
Department of forestry and environment,rivers state university of science and technology, port harcourt, nigeria. Such extensive oil extraction has come at great environmental and social cost. Vegetation mapping is one of the basic components of ecological data base of any region. Pdf africa is a continent of diversity and contrast. The northern part of adamawa state has the subsudan vegetation zone marked by short grasses interspersed with short trees, while in its southern part, the northern guinea savannah vegetation exists. Ngel nyaki forest reserve can be reached on foot from yelwa. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. With the vegetation zones of the country as described by. Agroecological zones of the tropics, with a sample from kenya by ralph jiitzold and horst kutsch the world conference on alimentation 1981 held in novisad, yugoslavia, warned that, unless some farreaching decisions are made, the numbers of the hungry will.
Nigeria, in addition to its huge population is endowed with significant agricultural, mineral, marine and forest resources. The vegetation of the niger delta consist mainly of forest swamps. May 31, 2016 home case studies conserving and restoring wetlands in nigerias niger river delta case study 31 may 2016 the niger delta in nigeria is the largest wetland in africa and the third largest mangrove forest in the world. The ministry of environment of the federal republic of nigeria. The jos plateau is one of the top areas in nigeria and its grassland slope zone are covered with forests. The study area is located in the southern part of nigeria between latitudes 40 30 n and 70 30 n. This zone consists of the larger part of the savannah zone and is sometimes divided into the southern guinea savannah and northern guinea savannah. In 2006, the vegetation map of south africa, lesotho and swaziland was published. Subsaharan africa climates and vegetation flashcards quizlet.
Attention is drawn to the variation in environmental conditions indicated by certain elements of the flora. Borno state has an area of 69,436 sq km, lying roughly within latitude 110n and longitude 1. Choose the ones you believe to be most appropriate. Nigeria shares borders with cameroon 1,690 kilometers in the east, niger 1,497 kilometers in the north, benin 773 kilometers in the west, and chad 87 kilometers in the northeast. Lagos is known today for its human and traffic congestion and other urban problems.
Definition of biomes large biotic communities corresponding to vegetation belts or zones are called biomes. Each country within the basin has unique geographic settings and a wide. River valleys which merge into each other and form a y shaped confluence at lokoja. The sahara, sahel, savannah, and the learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Precipitation trends, evapotranspiration and the ecological. Checklist of online vegetation and plant distribution maps. An evaluation of the implication of seasonal variation on groundwater quality in yenagoa was successfully carried out. Nigerias own inconvenient truth brings home climate. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated.
Mangrove forest and coastal vegetation ecological zone. The type of any biome is largely determined by climatic factors, especially rainfall and temperature. Akwa ibom is one of nigeria s 36 states, with a population of over five million people. The book not only mapped the delineations of 440 zonal and azonal vegetation types, but described each of these vegetation types. Biomes are described as any large natural terrestrial ecosystem. The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. The states capital is uyo, with over 500,000 inhabitants. This great diversity in altitude, vegetation and climate is one of the main reasons why there are so many species of mammals in africa. It is the broadest vegetation zone in the country and it occupies almost half of its area. The map is available in various formats and is accompanied by an extensive documentation of the floristic, physiognomic and other characteristics of the different vegetation types and useful woody species in the 8. Tree species diversity in a nigerian montane forest ecosystem. The potential of browse plants in the nutrition of small ruminants in the humid forest and derived savanna zones of nigeria. Thus, regions of the world with similar climates have similar biomes.
It is drained by numerous water courses which unite to form the main rivers to discharge eventually into the benue river. This vegetation zone can be seen from the nigerbenin republic border. Electricity generation and the present challenges in the. Socio economic importance of mangrove forests in akassa. The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. The country around agbani akpugo in the central part of the study area, are of moderate potential status, while areas to the northwest south southwest and southeast around obe, amodu, amurri, obeagu and akagbe. Evaluation of groundwater potential status in nkanuwest. Nigerias government contributed funding to the film project in 20, after the yaradua foundation made the case that climate change was a threat to national security. Implications of seasonal variation on groundwater quality in. The forest zone is located in the southern part of nigeria. Land use change analyses in lagos state from 1984 to 2005. The areas to the northeast and west of the niger delta harbor two of nigerias three largest ethnic groups, the ibo and yoruba. Southern hemisphere maps and presentday nothofagus distribution transoceanic distribution of nothofagus subspecies lophozonia and fuscospora and south american species n. Environment and vegetation on nigerias highlands springerlink.
Start studying subsaharan africa climates and vegetation. The interactive map, as well as the descriptions are available on the bgis website. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. They are identified with the mangrove swamps located around the delta region of river niger and cross river. Sensitivity of vegetation to annual rainfall variations over. The southern region of nigeria experiences a double rainfall maxima.
Vegetation in nigeria, whether on topographical sheets or thematic maps. Furthermore, the furthermore, the vegetation cover, physical features and land terrain in the nation vary from flat open. Conserving and restoring wetlands in nigerias niger river delta case study 31 may 2016 the niger delta in nigeria is the largest wetland in africa and the third largest mangrove forest in the world. Pdf electricity generation and the present challenges in. It was concluded that vegetation vigour will continue to decline under rainfall and. Case studies on coastal wetlands and water resources in. Also, tertiary beds from the benin formation stretch from calabar in the far east through lagos state to the borders of benin republic in the west. Data were collected from urban abuja city and periurban lugbe areas of the fct using both semistructured questionnaire and inventory of tree species. Further, nigeria loses more than 350,000400,000 hectares per year food and.
Forests are areas where there is significant tree cover. The ecological zones in nigeria are based on keay 1949, and are defined from south to north as follows. Research article evaluation of vegetation types and. The need to conserve representative samples of natural vegetation was recognized in nigeria over thirty years ago. The physiognomy and altitudinal zonations of the highland vegetation are discussed. Aug 01, 2019 nigeria is a western africa country bordering the atlantic ocean. Oil extraction is the largest threat to nigeria s mangrove forests. The vegetation in that area is not properly developed because of low temperatures. The use of combine approach of satellite data analysis and indigenous knowledge to study. Vegetation map of south africa biodiversity advisor.
O nwankwoala1 abstract wetlands play a very important role in the sustenance of both the surface and groundwater resources of the country. It is suggested that this notwithstanding, irreversible trends in landsurface degradation are mainly due to uncontrolled human interference in relation to largescale agriculture in areas where. Vegetation characteristic of ecological zones of kwara. Evaluation of vegetation types and utilization in wildlife park of the university of agriculture makurdi, nigeria tyowua b. The mountain zone is located in nigeria s highmountain areas. The study area is the nigerian territory which is roughly defined by latitudes 4 16. Nigeria large color map world map world atlas atlas of. Agroecological zones of the tropics, with a sample from kenya.
Figure 91 illustrated ppp procurement process and esmf requirements 80. The nigerian mangrove and wildlife development abere, s. The rainforest is the richest in biodiversity in nigeria. Vegetation response to recent trends in climate and landuse. Case studies on coastal wetlands and water resources in nigeria. What vegetation zones in west africa does the niger river run. Land degradation continues despite greening in the nigerianiger.
Nigeria has an area of 923,768 square kilometers, including about,000 square kilometers of water. The niger river basin is an extraordinary asset for the nine countries that are within its watershed and for the broader west and central africa region. This southern part of nigeria has reached one of africas highest population densities 20 years ago already between 200 and more than 400 personskm2 barbour et al. Comprising 97 percent of nigerias total exports, the oilrich niger delta produces up to two million barrels of crude oil a day, which has placed nigeria as the 9th oil producing country in the world. Before 1950 only two conservation areas had been laid down but at present there are seven in operation.
Forests in nigeria are under pressure due to land use as a result of human population growth. A palynological study of a core from ohe pod, nsukka, southeast nigeria was conducted as part of an effort to conceptually understand the history of the establishment of the mosaic lowland rainforest and secondary grassland vegetation, which was originally believed to be rainforest vegetation. Associated with the varied zones is an array of plant and animal species. Agroecological zones of the tropics, with a sample from kenya by ralph jiitzold and horst kutsch the world conference on alimentation 1981 held in novisad, yugoslavia, warned that, unless some farreaching decisions are made, the numbers of the hungry will double. Vegetation degradation and species retreat are evident in parts of the study villages in nigeria. This vegetation zone can be seen in the nigerbenue stretch system of southwest nigeria. The assessment of vegetation and land use changes in nigeria between 197678 and 199395 english abstract. Reference soil ofthe southern guinea savanna of south western nigeria. Introduction the nigerian mangrove ecosystem is mostly fragmented deltaic formation located in the river niger delta. The nation is made up of six geopolitical zones subdivided into 36 states and the federal capital territory fct. This study was conducted to investigate the tree species richness and diversity of urban and periurban areas of the federal capital territory fct, abuja, nigeria, and produce normalized difference vegetation index ndvi for the territory.
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