Effect of soil salinity on plant growth pdf

Saline and sodic soils ndsu north dakota state university. It can be said that, the ability of the plant to maintain its osmotic potential at levels below that of the osmotic potential of the soil surrounding the plant zhang et al. Saline, or saltdense environments such as ocean coasts, threaten the ability of plants to undergo photosynthesis. Effect of soil salinity on growth, water status and. Increase in plant growth was due to os motic adjustment and. The present work was conducted to elucidate the effect of soil type, salinity stress and allelochemicals from alfalfa on the germination efficiency, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of medicago sativa l. This process can be accentuated by climate change, excessive use of groundwater mainly if close to the sea, increasing use of lowquality water in irrigation, and massive introduction of irrigation. The remaining 20% of the salinity effect on growth was most likely explained by a decrease in stomatal conductance.

Soil electrical conductivity ec is a measure of the amount of salts in salinity of soilsoil. Globally, predominantly in arid and semiarid climates, it is estimated that 20% of irrigated land is negatively impacted by salt. Boron is the minor constituent of most concern for toxicity in saltaffected soils table 176. Soils and irrigation waters contain multiple types of salt, each of which may exert different effects on plant cultivation. The ionic content was increased on the shoot in aconsequence of increasing salinity concentrations levels at different soil textures. The effect of salinity on germination, growth characters. Compost effects on soil properties and plant growth abstract compost production is considered an economic and environmentally friendly means to reduce the waste going into landfill. Soil salinity is among the most important stresses worldwide decreasing plant growth and agricultural production.

Salts affect plant growth due to increasing soil osmotic pressure and to interference with plant nutrition. Growth of plants was stimulated by salt and their optimum growth was at 7. Salinity has a dual effect on plant growth via an osmotic effect on plant water uptake, and specific ion toxicities. Salinity affects almost all aspects of plant development including. Excess amount of salts in the soil affects plant from germination to harvesting 6. Excessive salt above what plants need limits plant growth and productivity and can lead to plant death. Salinity prevents the plants from taking up the proper balance of nutrients require for healthy growth.

When the electrical conductivity ec of the soil solution increased from 1 to ds m. However, fewer studies on the effect of soil salinity on root growth have been conducted munns, 2002. Plants are affected by salt stress in two main ways. Pdf salinity effect on plant growth and other physiological. Effects of salinity on plant growth salinity becomes a problem when enough salts accumulate in the root zone to negatively affect plant growth. Although both used varieties, dlba and dh1, responded in biomass reduction their reaction was different figure 5. Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields t. However, there is a subset of plants called halophytes that have adapted to growing in highsaline areas. Effect of soil salinity on growth, water status and nutrient.

Effect of salinisation of soil on growth and macro and micronutrient. An increased concentration of salt in soil inhibits plant growth, eventually leading to plant death, and high salinity in soil is a major issue facing the agriculture industry. Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. The integrated effect of salinity, organic amendments. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient n, ca, k, p, fe, zn deficiency and oxidative stress on plants, and thus limits water uptake from soil. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of different salt sources cacl 2, cano 3 2, mgcl 2, mgso 4, nacl and na 2 so 4 in irrigation water with different salinity levels 0. The salt remains behind in the soil when water is taken up by plants or lost to evaporation. Generally, the effect of salinity and here we are concerned primarily with nacl as these ions are the commonest cause of salinity on plants have been determined not in terms of survival, but in its effect on vegetative growth. In pennsylvania saline soils are rarely encountered because soluble salts typically do no accumulate as rain, snow and other precipitation events effectively flush soluble salts out of plant root zones. Effect of soil salinity and ion toxicity on crop growth. Shoot growth and dry matter are reduced by salinity, root. Effects of nacl on seed germination in some species. However, in extremely saline soils glycophytes are unable to both exclude salt and obtain sufficient water for maintenance dnrq 1997.

Based on the effect of different soil ph on the growth of vegetative traits, reproductive investment and pollen allergenicity of a. The adverse effects of salinity on plant growth and development are complex, and may resuit from a combination of. Pdf soil salinity causes, effects, and management in cucurbits. The small leaf area at high salinity was related to a reduced specific leaf area and increased tubershoot weight ratio. Lack of flowing fresh water to flush our rivers, salts and other minerals etc in our water supply, along with other problems, all contribute to this. Effect of soil salinity on growth, gas exchange and antioxidant defense of two paulownia lines. The second effect of salinity is shown when excessive amounts of. Fertilizer management software and an international expert in plant nutrition and irrigation. Place soil and about 30 fast plant seed in the upper chamber.

Irrigation salinity occurs due to increased rates of leakage and groundwater recharge causing the watertable to rise. Excess salts in the root zone hinder plant roots from withdrawing water from surrounding soil. In some cases, salinity also has a toxic effect on plant, because of the high concentration of certain salts in the soil. Unfortunately, neither the mentioned processes can prevent a soil from eventu ally becoming salinized. Some means of collecting saline drainage waters is essen tial to balance salt inflow and outflow. Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields springerlink. Soil salinity and atmospheric relative humidity influence plant growth, but few data are. Allow to grow about 4 days before beginning the experiment. These two varieties were selected as representatives of different lettuce genotypes with varying salt tolerance, based on initial germination. Salinity, plant available water, red ferrosols, wheat. The salinity of soil refers to the amount of salts in the soil and it can be estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity ec of an extracted soil solution.

As a result, salinity cannot be increased to maintain soil structure without considering potential impacts on plant health. Indeed, salinity effects on plant growth reduction are a timedependent process, and munns et al. Basics of salinity and sodicity effects on soil physical. Saline soils will have a relatively high number of sodium ions compared to healthy soils. Effects of salinity and sodicity on plant growth annual. Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. However, the way in which nacl exerts its influence on these vital processes, whether it is through an osmotic effect or a specific ion toxicity. Salinity effect on plant growth and other physiological processes article pdf available in acta physiologiae plantarum 152. Soil salinity causes prominent losses of yield in all crops, therefore causing to reduction in crop. Effects of salt source and irrigation water salinity on.

Genetics and plant physiology, conference plant physiology and genetics achievements and challenges, 2426 september 2014, sofia, bulgaria, special issue part 2, 434. The fruit yield results revealed that eggplant was moderately sensitive to salinity. Effects of ph, sodicity, and salinity on soil fertility. Photosynthesis is a vital process that produces oxygen for plants and animals. The regional institute the effect of salinity on plant. Rising watertables can bring salts into the plant root zone which affects both plant growth and soil structure. Soil electrical conductivity ec is a measure of the amount of salts in salinity of soil soil. Pdf effect of salinity on plant growth and their management. Table 3 demonstrated the effect of salinity concentration levels on the ionic content of barley plant at different soil textures. Effects of nacl on seed germination in some species from. Table 174 shows similar information for a number of trace elements. Article effect of soil salinity and foliar application of. Effect of salt application on electrical conductivity of soil solution for slip plantings. Excessive salt not only destroys the soil structure, salt also attracts water.

About 20% of all irrigated land is affected by soil salinity, decreasing crop yields kader. Soil salinity significantly reduces plant phosphorus p uptake because phosphate ions precipitate with ca ions bano and fatima, 2009. According to munns 11, salt stress decreases growth in most plants, including halophytes. Effect of salinity on plant growth and their management. Pdf salinity effect on plant growth and other physiological processes. Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. How does salinity affect plant growth and what can be done. The impact of salinity varies with plant species, stage of growth, management practices. Effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat. The effect of salinity on photosynthesis sciencing. Effect of soil ph on the growth, reproductive investment and.

Pdf soil salinity causes, effects, and management in. Plant growthpromoting effect of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria pgpr strain pseudomonas fluorescens wcs417r on arabidopsis. Salinity is one of the environmental factors that has a critical influence on the germination of halophyte seeds and plant establishment. Nacl was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 0. The present study was designed to study the effect of salinity on seed germination, seedling growth and acid phosphatase activities in romaine and vista. The soil may contain adequate water, but plant roots are unable to absorb the water due to unfavorable osmotic pressure. Saline soil is a term used to describe excessive levels of soluble salts in the soil water soil solution, high enough to negatively affect plant growth, resulting in reduced crop yields and even plant death under severe conditions figure 1. Volume ii, issue iv, april 2015 ijrsi issn 2321 2705 effect. Compost effects on soil properties and plant growth. Mar 16, 2005 the present work was conducted to elucidate the effect of soil type, salinity stress and allelochemicals from alfalfa on the germination efficiency, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of medicago sativa l. Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of. Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean. When salt sensitive plants are grown on saline soils plant injury can occur.

The latter could be attributed to tuber formation starting at a smaller plant size at high salinity. Dec 09, 2014 soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient n, ca, k, p, fe, zn deficiency and oxidative stress on plants, and thus limits water uptake from soil. By decreasing the osmotic potential of the soil solution, plant access to soil water is decreased, because of the decrease in total soil water potential. Effect of soil type, salinity, and allelochemicals on. The amount of arable land in the world is equal to 1. Moreover, salt stress reduces plant growth due to speci. Salt stress affects many physiological aspects of plant growth. Salinity was varied by proportionally changing the concentration of all macro nutrients. Phosphorus p is a major essential element for plant growth and production 10. Build a bottle ecosystem according to the attached instructions. Soil ph is a characteristic that describes the relative acidity or alkalinity of the soil.

Effect of salinity treatment on plant height slips or leaf elongation transplants 7 6. Soil salinity is a worldwide problem hampering productivity of several agricultural crops. This process can be accentuated by climate change, excessive use of groundwater mainly if close to the sea, increasing use of lowquality water in irrigation, and massive introduction of irrigation associated with intensive. Effects of soil salinity on plant growth salt stress is one of the major abiotic threats to plant life and plant agriculture worldwide and significantly reduces crop yield in affected areas. Pdf on oct 10, 20, manoj kumar jhariya and others published effect of salinity on plant. Soil salinity effect according to the basics of salinity and sodicity effect on the physical properties of soil, in the root zone of the plant, excess salt can hinder or prevent the plant from withdrawing water from surrounding soil. Using the biology in a bottle model, both aquifer and soil contamination can be studied. Although increasing soil solution salinity has a positive effect on soil aggregation and stabilization, at high levels salinity can have negative and potentially lethal effects on plants. More important to the plant, the process produces energy for growth and reproduction. Effect of soil ph on the growth, reproductive investment. The ability to survive at a particular salinity is important ecologically in influencing the natural distribution of plant species in saltaffected soils. This bush species is salt tolerant at seed germination stage. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and moisture content of soil on growth, nutrient uptake, sodiumpotassium relationship, and yield of wheat plant. Effect of salinity and moisture content of soil on growth.

The saltinduced water deficit is one of the major constraints for plant growth in saline soils. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried out in situ. Threshold soil salinity and slope values of the yield response to soil salinity level were determined as vegetative dry weight. Growth clearly is a key parameter in both ecological and agricultural contexts. Plants are generally most sensitive to salinity during germination and early growth. Saline soils and plant growth penn state extension. This is referred to as the osmotic or waterdeficit effect of salinity. By anthea hudson salinity is becoming an increasing problem along waterways, on irrigated land, deserts and other areas, worldwide. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and acid.

The main effect of salinity has been attributed to the reduction water potential of soil or the enhance concentration of ion in plant cells to levels that interfere with metabolism kalaji. It affects crop yields, crop suitability, plant nutrient availability, and activity of soil microorganisms which influence key soil processesincluding the emission of greenhouse gases such as. Levels of soil moisture were 40, 60, and 80% of capillary capacity. The high salt content lowers osmotic potential of soil water and consequently the availability of soil water to plants. Effect of salinity on growth of different mungbean varieties. The purpose of the present research was to obtain data on eggplant grown under 0. Compost application can improve soil quality and productivity as well as sustainability of agricultural production by replenishing soil organic matter and supplying nutrients.